Self-anchored piling sediment sampler

ABSTRACT

A self-anchored piling sediment sampler belongs to the technical fields of environmental monitoring, environmental government and sediment sample collection. The sampler is mainly composed of a sampling tube mechanism, an anchor rack mechanism and a cable. A drainer is designed to realize automatic drainage and air seal, so that an anchor socket can form a good anchoring condition with sediments during collection, thereby providing a stable sampling condition in cooperation with adjustable self gravity. The drainer is also applied in the sampling tube mechanism, thereby facilitating collection and seal of sediment samples. At the end of sampling, a water injector can eliminate suction force of the sediments and alleviate resistance in a lifting process. The cable is fixed to an outer sampling tube by fixed pulleys A, clamping hooks and fixed pulleys B placed on fixing rods so as to realize the conversion of the pulling force into the pressure on the sampling tube and provide sampling power. Thus, the collection of layered sediment samples is realized. The collection device has the features of light weight, high efficiency and good fidelity, and is especially suitable for collection of layered sediments of such water areas as reservoirs and the like with great water depth and soft bottom material.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention belongs to the technical fields of environmental monitoring, environmental government and sediment sample collection, relates to the collection of sediment of reservoirs and other water bodies with great water depth and soft bottom material, and especially relates to the collection of columnar layered sediment samples of the reservoirs.

BACKGROUND

Sediments pollution has been studied intensively in recent years. Pollutants generate an unignorable influence on hydro-environment in the transfer and transformation process and the absorption and release process. The foundation for research of such problem is to obtain representative samples.

Water-saturated silts constitute surface sediments which is difficult to support a sampling device, especially a large sampling device. However, under the effect of gravity, lower sediments are increasingly dense, making it more difficult to collect the bottom sediments. A current collection devices are mainly surface sediment sampler and a layered sediment sampler. Common surface sediment samplers use a grapple dredge and box dredge, and a shovel can also be used for direct acquisition for shallows, estuaries and other places. These samplers can satisfy the collection of surface sediment samples in most cases. The layered sediment sampler mainly includes all kinds of columnar sediment samplers and can be divided into two kinds: a gravity type sampler and a vibrational type sampler. The gravity type sediment sampler rushes into the sediments on the water bottom depending on its self-weight, so as to realize layered collection of sediment samples. Such sampler has the problems of easy inclination in the sampling process, heavy self-weight, sampling depth limited by self-weight, and the like, and has a higher requirement for sampling environment. The vibrational sediment sampler “liquefies” the sediments depending on frequency vibration to realize layered sampling, but the device is larger and is mainly applied in geological sampling currently while less applied in a water area environment.

Apparently, the above devices cannot completely solve the problems of complicated devices, heavy weight and low sampling efficiency in the collection of the columnar layered sediments. There is a need to develop a layered sediment sampler with light weight, high efficiency and good applicability.

SUMMARY

The technical problems to be solved in the present invention are complicated device, heavy weight and low sampling efficiency of the existing device, thereby providing a self-anchored piling sediment sampler can collect the original state of sample, and with light weight, high efficiency and manual operation, so as to be suitable for collection of sediments of reservoirs and the like with great water depth and soft bottom material, and especially collection of columnar layered sediment samples of the reservoirs.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

The self-anchored piling sediment sampler mainly comprises an anchor rack mechanism, a sampling duct, a sampling tube mechanism, a cable and a counterweight.

The anchor rack mechanism is composed of a top fixing plate, a bottom anchor socket, three uniformly distributed fixed pulleys A on the anchor socket, a water injector, a drainer, a fixing bracket, fixed pulleys B, three uniformly distributed clamping hooks and three uniformly distributed fixing rods. A preformed hole of the sampling duct and three uniformly distributed lacing holes are formed in the fixing plate; and the positions of the lacing holes correspond to the fixed pulleys A, the fixed pulleys B and the clamping hooks, so that the cable can be effectively connected with an entire instrument. Three uniformly distributed fixed pulleys A, the water injector and the drainer are arranged on the anchor socket, and the preformed hole of the sampling duct and a bolting hole of the counterweight are also formed in the anchor socket; and an annular supporting plate is arranged on the bottom. Three water injection holes are formed in the lower part of the water injector, embedded into the annular supporting plate of the anchor socket and connected with a sealing block through a spring; a bolt on the top is used for regulating the pulling force of the spring; during sampling, the sealing block and a tube wall form seal due to the pulling force of the spring; when sampling is ended, the sealing block subjected to suction force of a sediment falls onto the lower part of the anchor socket; water is injected into the bottom of the anchor socket through the water injection holes, so as to release the suction force of the anchor socket and take out the collector portably. The drainer is the same as that of the sampling tube mechanism. See the description of the sampling tube mechanism for details. The fixing bracket is provided with three seams to facilitate guide rails of the sampling duct to pass through, and the fixed pulleys B and the clamping hooks are installed on the fixing rods. The fixing bracket is used for stabilizing an integral structure. Members are connected through welding, threads and angle steel to form the entire anchor rack mechanism.

The sampling duct successively penetrates through the preformed hole of the fixing plate and the preformed holes of the fixing bracket and the anchor socket so as to be connected with the anchor rack mechanism. The sampling duct is provided with three uniformly distributed guide rails; and during installation, attention is paid to that the guide rails adapt to the preformed holes of the fixed pulleys A, the fixed pulleys B and the fixing support. Rubber rings are arranged inside and outside the bottom of the sampling duct; the outer rubber ring is used for forming seal with the anchor socket, and the inner rubber ring is used for ensuring the formation of friction with the sampling tube mechanism so as to ensure that the sampling tube mechanism does not fall when a sampler is lowered.

The sampling tube mechanism is composed of an upper outer sampling tube, a drain tube, a self-balancing sealing block and an inner sample tube. The outer sampling tube is provided with an external thread on the top, a daisy sealer on the bottom, and three uniform small holes in the upper part, in order to be connected with an iron chain. A removable grid is distributed on the top of the drain tube to prevent the self-balancing sealing block from overflowing and a large object from entering the sampler; three uniformly distributed drain ports are formed in the middle of the drain tube; the inner part of the drain tube is designed into an ellipsoid to be fitted with the self-balancing sealing block to form seal; and the lower part of the drain tube is provided with an internal thread to be connected with an external thread of the outer sampling tube. The self-balancing sealing block is made of light material; the weight of a lower screw is regulated so that the density of the self-balancing sealing block is close to, but slightly larger than that of water and the self-balancing sealing block is easy to float under the dynamic effect of the water; the center of gravity of the self-balancing sealing block is at the bottom of a centerline to achieve automatic balance regulation guarantee and drain tube fit, so as to form an airtight effect. The drain tube and the self-balancing sealing block together form the drainer as an integral structure. The inner sample tube is an Acrylic organic glass tube equipped with a corresponding rubber plug; and after sampling is ended, the sample is kept.

The cable is used for connecting an entire device and is divided into three parts; the first part is a three-section iron chain which penetrates through the fixed pulleys A to the small holes of the outer sampling tube from the clamping hooks; the second part is a cable of three small sections, is connected with the iron chain on the clamping hooks and penetrates through the fixed pulleys B so that the cable is connected with the first-section iron chain; the third part is a section of long cable for connecting the cable of three small sections of the second part into an integral stress cable through a cable fastener, which is used to bear weight of sampler; and the third part of the cable is labeled with scales so as to master the lowering depth of the instrument. The counterweight is connected with the anchor socket through a bolt.

By combining the anchoring force of the anchor socket with self gravity (regulated by the counterweight), the self-anchored piling sediment sampler provides a stable sampling environment while reducing the weight, and converts the pulling force into pressure on the outer sampling tube through two fixed pulleys to form a sampling mode similar to piling.

Effects and benefits of the present invention are compared with the defects of low efficiency, complicated operation and heavy weight of the existing sediment sampler, inventing a device with mutual operability, truth-protection, light weight, high efficiency and suitability for collection of layered sediments of such water bodies as reservoirs, lakes, rivers and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integral structure of a water-in state of a self-anchored piling sediment sampler.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integral structure of a water-out state of a self-anchored piling sediment sampler.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an anchor rack mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sampling duct.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sampling duct mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fixing bracket.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an anchor rack device.

In the figures: 1 anchor rack mechanism; 2 sampling duct; 3 sampling tube mechanism; 4 cable; 5 counterweight;

1-1 fixing plate; 1-2 anchor socket; 1-3 fixed pulley A; 1-4 water injector; 1-5 drainer; 1-6 fixing bracket; 1-7 fixed pulley B; 1-8 clamping hook; 1-9 fixing rod; 3-1 outer sampling tube; 3-2 drain tube; 3-3 self-balancing sealing block; and 3-4 inner sample tube.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Specific embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail in combination with the technical solution and accompanying drawings.

Specific implementation steps of collection by a self-anchored piling sediment sampler are as follows:

step 1: regulating a bolt of a water injector according to a site sampling water depth and planned sediment collecting depth, and setting the position of the sealing block; sleeving the inner sample tube 3-4 into the outer sampling tube 3-1; then opening the grid above the drain tube 3-2; putting the self-balancing sealing block 3-3 into the drain tube 3-2 and enabling the same to be connected with the outer sampling tube 3-1 to form the sampling tube mechanism 3; sleeving the sampling tube mechanism 3 into a sampling duct 2, so that the sampling tube 3-1 overcomes falling gravity under the friction of the rubber ring under the sampling duct 2;

step 2: enabling a three-section iron chain of the first part to penetrate through the fixed pulleys A1-3 to the small holes of the outer sampling tube 3-1 from the clamping hooks 1-8; the second part being a cable of three small sections, being connected with the iron chain on the clamping hooks 1-8 and penetrating through the fixed pulleys B1-7 so that the cable is connected with the first-section iron chain; the third part being a section of long cable for connecting the cable of three small sections of the second part into an integral stress cable through a cable fastener; labeling the third part of the cable with scales so as to master the lowering depth of an instrument, wherein at this moment, the gravity of the entire collector is born by the third part of the cable and the fixed pulleys A1-3 and the iron chain part are unstressed; and then installing the counterweight 5 on the anchor socket 1-2;

step 3: lowering the sampler to the water bottom at uniform speed, wherein at this moment the instrument contacts the sediments and the drainer 1-5 begins to drain water (partially similar to the anchor socket) under a gravity effect; anchoring the annular supporting plate of the anchor socket 1-2 into the sediments to generate anchoring force and provide a stable sampling condition together with self gravity (regulated by the counterweight); meanwhile, bearing, by the sediments, the gravity of the instrument; falling, by an iron chain fastener, from the clamping hooks 1-8, wherein at this moment A1-3 and the iron chain begin to bear stress; slightly lifting the cable; converting the upward pulling force into pressure on the outer sampling tube 3-1 by means of the transformation of the fixed pulleys A1-3 and the fixed pulleys B1-7, so as to provide sampling power for overcoming sediment resistance, achieve an effect similar to piling by slightly lifting the cable, and realize collection of layered sediments; during sample collection, jacking the self-balancing sealing block 3-3 under the effect of impact force of the water and smoothly draining the water by the drain tube 3-2 so as to isolate a pressure difference of an inner tube of the sampling tube; and enabling the sediments to enter the sampling tube successfully;

step 4: continuously lifting the cable slightly so as to reduce disturbance on the sediment sample so that the outer sampling tube 3-1 continues to sample along the sampling duct 2 under the effect of the pressure until sampling is ended, wherein at this moment, the self-balancing sealing block in the drainer 1-5 gradually falls under the effect of self gravity and forms air seal with the bottom of the drain tube and no loss of the sample is ensured in cooperation with a daisy sealer under the outer sampling tube 3-1; continuously increasing the suction force exerted on the sealing block of the water injector 1-4 by the sediments during lifting after the sampling is ended, so that the sealing block can be absorbed into the annular supporting plate of the anchor socket 1-2; injecting the water from the water injection holes; releasing the suction force of the sediments; and reducing the pulling resistance on the device;

step 5: continuing to lift the cable to lift the device out of the water; removing the counterweight 5; taking out the sampling tube mechanism 3 from bottom to top; unscrewing the drain tube 3-2 to take out the self-balancing sealing block 3-3; unscrewing the daisy sealer under the outer sampling tube 3-1; sealing and storing the inner sample tube 3-4 by using a prepared rubber plug; then ending a single sampling; replacing the inner sampling tube 3-4; and repeating steps 1-5 to continue to sample. 

1. A self-anchored piling sediment sampler, characterized mainly by comprising an anchor rack mechanism (1), a sampling duct (2), a sampling tube mechanism (3), a cable (4) and a counterweight (5), wherein the anchor rack mechanism (1) is composed of a top fixing plate (1-1), a bottom anchor socket (1-2), three uniformly distributed fixed pulleys A (1-3) on the anchor socket, a water injector (1-4), a drainer (1-5), a fixing bracket (1-6), fixed pulleys B(1-7), three uniformly distributed clamping hooks (1-8) and three uniformly distributed fixing rods (1-9); a preformed hole of the sampling duct 2 and three uniformly distributed lacing holes are formed in the fixing plate (1-1); the positions of the lacing holes correspond to the fixed pulleys A (1-3), the fixed pulleys B(1-7) and the clamping hooks (1-8); three uniformly distributed fixed pulleys A (1-3), the water injector (1-4) and the drainer (1-5) are arranged on the anchor socket (1-2), and the preformed hole of the sampling duct (2) and a bolting hole of the counterweight (5) are also formed in the anchor socket (1-2); an annular supporting plate is arranged on the bottom; three water injection holes are formed in the lower part of the water injector (1-4), embedded into the annular supporting plate of the anchor socket (1-2) and connected with a sealing block through a spring; a bolt on the top is used for regulating the pulling force of the spring; during sampling, the sealing block and a tube wall form seal due to the pulling force of the spring; when sampling is ended, the sealing block subjected to suction force of a sediment falls onto the lower part of the anchor socket; water is injected into the bottom of the anchor socket through the water injection holes; the drainer (1-5) is the same as that of the sampling tube mechanism; the fixing bracket (1-6) is provided with three seams to facilitate guide rails of the sampling duct (2) to pass through; the fixed pulleys B(1-7) and the clamping hooks (1-8) are installed on the fixing rods (1-9); the fixing bracket (1-6) is used for stabilizing an integral structure; and members are connected through welding, threads and angle steel to form the anchor rack mechanism (1); the sampling duct (2) successively penetrates through the preformed hole of the fixing plate (1-1) and the preformed holes of the fixing bracket (1-6) and the anchor socket (1-2) so as to be connected with the anchor rack mechanism; the sampling duct (2) is provided with three uniformly distributed guide rails; during installation, attention is paid to that the guide rails adapt to the preformed holes of the fixed pulleys A(1-3), the fixed pulleys B(1-7) and the fixing support (1-6); rubber rings are arranged inside and outside the bottom of the sampling duct (2); the outer rubber ring is used for forming seal with the anchor socket (1-2), and the inner rubber ring is used for ensuring the formation of friction with the sampling tube mechanism (3) so as to ensure that the sampling tube mechanism (3) does not fall when a collector is lowered; the sampling tube mechanism (3) is composed of an upper outer sampling tube (3-1), a drain tube (3-2), a self-balancing sealing block (3-3) and an inner sample tube (3-4); the outer sampling tube (3-1) is provided with an external thread on the top, a daisy sealer on the bottom, and three uniform small holes in the upper part, in order to be connected with an iron chain; a removable grid is distributed on the top of the drain tube (3-2) to prevent the self-balancing sealing block (3-3) from overflowing and a large object from entering the collector; three uniformly distributed drain ports are formed in the middle of the drain tube (3-2); the inner part of the drain tube (3-2) is designed into an ellipsoid to be fitted with the self-balancing sealing block to form seal; the lower part of the drain tube (3-2) is provided with an internal thread to be connected with an external thread of the outer sampling tube (3-1); the self-balancing sealing block (3-3) is made of light material; the weight of a lower screw is regulated so that the density of the self-balancing sealing block (3-3) is close to, but slightly larger than that of water and the self-balancing sealing block (3-3) is easy to float under the dynamic effect of the water; the center of gravity of the self-balancing sealing block is at the bottom of a centerline to achieve automatic balance regulation guarantee and drain tube fit, so as to form an airtight effect; the drain tube (3-2) and the self-balancing sealing block (3-3) together form the drainer as an integral structure; the inner sample tube (3-4) is an Acrylic organic glass tube equipped with a corresponding rubber plug; and after sampling is ended, the sample is kept; the cable (4) is used for connecting an entire device and is divided into three parts; the first part is a three-section iron chain which penetrates through the fixed pulleys A (1-3) to the small holes of the outer sampling tube (3-1) from the clamping hooks (1-8); the second part is a cable of three small sections, is connected with the iron chain on the clamping hooks (1-8) and penetrates through the fixed pulleys B(1-7) so that the cable is connected with the first-section iron chain; the third part is a section of long cable for connecting the cable of three small sections of the second part into an integral stress cable through a cable fastener; and the third part of the cable is labeled with scales so as to master the lowering depth of an instrument; the counterweight (5) is connected with the anchor socket (1-2) through a bolt; and by combining the anchoring force of the anchor socket (1-2) with self gravity, the self-anchored piling sediment sampler provides a stable sampling environment while reducing the weight, and converts the pulling force into pressure on the outer sampling tube (3-1) through two fixed pulleys to form a sampling mode similar to piling.
 2. The self-anchored piling sediment sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable (4) is finally fixed to the outer sampling tube (1-3) by the fixed pulleys A(1-3), the clamping hooks (1-8) and the fixed pulleys B(1-7) placed on the fixing rods (1-9) so as to realize the conversion of the pulling force into the pressure on the sampling tube and provide sampling power.
 3. The self-anchored piling sediment sampler according to claim 1, characterized in automatic drainage and seal of the drainer (1-5).
 4. The self-anchored piling sediment sampler according to claim 1, characterized in the water injector (1-4) designed on the anchor socket (1-2). 